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Download PDF Version. Nursing research worldwide is committed to rigorous scientific inquiry that provides a significant body of knowledge to advance nursing papers practice, shape health policy, nursing papers impact the health of people in all countries.
The vision for nursing research is driven by the profession's mandate to society to optimize the health and well-being of populations American Nurses Association, ; International Council of Nurses, Nurse researchers bring a holistic perspective to studying individuals, families, and communities involving a biobehavioral, interdisciplinary, and translational approach to science.
The priorities for nursing research reflect nursing's commitment to the promotion of health and healthy lifestyles, the advancement of quality and excellence in health care, nursing papers, and the critical importance of basing professional nursing practice on research, nursing papers.
As one of the world leaders in nursing research, it is important to delineate the position of the academic leaders in the U. on research advancement and facilitation, as signified by the membership of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing AACN. In order to enhance the science of the discipline and facilitate nursing research, several factors need to be understood separately and in interaction: the vision and importance of nursing research as a scientific basis nursing papers the health of the public; the scope of nursing research; the cultural environment and workforce required for cutting edge and high-impact nursing research; the importance of a research intensive environment for faculty and students; and the challenges and opportunities impacting the research mission of the discipline and profession.
Nursing research provides the scientific basis for the practice of the profession. Using multiple philosophical and theory-based approaches as well as diverse methodologies, nursing research focuses on the understanding and easement of the symptoms of acute and chronic illness; nursing papers or delayed onset of disease or disability, or slowing the progression thereof; finding effective approaches to achieve and sustain optimal health; and improvement of the clinical settings in which care is provided National Institute of Nursing Research, The study of professional socialization and the educational processes that best prepare nurses and nurse scientists to succeed are also appropriate foci of nursing research, given the growing demand for increasing efficiency and effectiveness in higher education and the critical need for leadership development in all areas of the nursing profession.
Nursing papers critical societal issues that influence the direction of nursing research usually flow from individual- and population-based health determinants. Such health determinants are multifactorial in nature, nursing papers, including: the physical environment for work and life; behaviors of individuals, families, nursing papers, and communities; biologic nursing papers including genetic predisposition nursing papers health problems; social factors including socioeconomic position and resources; discrimination factors and the availability of social networks as well as access to and use of various health services Longest, Nursing research also is guided by several major national health policy directives, an example of which is Healthy People Understanding and Improving Health U, nursing papers.
Nursing papers of Health and Human Services, The two overarching goals are: 1 helping individuals of all ages to increase life expectancy and improve their quality of life, and 2 eliminating health disparities among different segments of the population in the United States. Health disparities are noted among individuals and families who are uninsured and lack access to healthcare Institute of Medicine, Nursing papers, despite socioeconomic level or insurance coverage status, "Racial and ethnic minorities tend to receive a lower quality of healthcare Understanding such disparities and testing strategies for their resolution nursing papers major priorities for health science, including nursing research.
Today's complex health problems are not amenable to single-discipline research approaches, nursing papers. While nursing, social science, and biomedical research approaches make unique and independent contributions to the public's health, they also complement each other and bring balance to the nation's health and research agenda. Interdisciplinary research is an essential characteristic of nursing research because multiple perspectives are required for the complex study of health and illness experiences of society.
To this end, the community of nurse scholars recognize that the science of nursing is growing rapidly and they are committed to the challenges posed by the constant progression of new knowledge.
Scope of Nursing Research. Nursing research encompasses a wide scope nursing papers scientific inquiry including clinical research, health systems and outcomes research, and nursing education research. Clinical research, based on biological, nursing papers, behavioral, and other types of investigations, provides the scientific basis for the care of individuals across the life span and occurs in any setting where nursing care is provided. Health systems and outcomes research nursing papers the availability, quality, and costs of health care services as well as ways to improve the effectiveness and appropriateness of clinical practice.
Finally, nursing papers, nursing education research focuses on how students learn the professional practice and discipline of nursing as well as how to improve educational strategies to prepare clinicians and scientists. Clinical Research The scope of clinical research ranges from acute to nursing papers care experiences across the entire life span; health promotion and preventive care to end-of-life care; and care for individuals, families, and communities in diverse settings.
It is imperative for nursing research to take a farsighted approach in order to have greater impact in the future.
For example, recent discoveries in the genetic basis of disease and behavior may help nurse scientists to develop more effective strategies to manage symptoms and tailor interventions. Nursing's expanded view of health emphasizes health promotion, restoration, and rehabilitation, as well as a commitment to caring and comfort. In this way, nursing research differs from biomedical research. The focus of biomedical science on the discovery of disease causation and cure is essential but not solely sufficient to improve health.
Despite the dramatic successes of improved nursing papers and therapeutic modalities, improvements in overall health of the public require a broader approach, nursing papers. Some diseases are better prevented than treated, nursing papers, others simply nursing papers be cured, and suffering and irreversible changes such as aging are part of the human experience. Indeed, health can be far better maintained when it is viewed in the broader context of lifestyle, culture, nursing papers, and socioeconomics.
Nurse researchers study how to assist individuals and groups as they respond to health and illness experiences e, nursing papers. Much nursing research is biobehavioral in nature, seeking to understand the relationships among biological, behavioral, psychological, and sociological factors.
These factors are integrated in all nursing papers. For example, recent discoveries demonstrate that biological factors e. Complex problems in human health nursing papers interprofessional approaches. Interdisciplinary research is one nursing papers three major areas defined in the National Institutes of Health NIH Roadmap NIH, Nurses are uniquely qualified to lead and participate in interdisciplinary research teams because their education includes courses from all health-related disciplines e.
The nursing research priorities identified by the National Institute of Nursing Research NINR illustrate the vital contributions of nurse scientists. These areas include chronic illnesses or conditions, nursing papers, behavioral changes and interventions, and response to compelling public health concerns.
Particular attention is given to health disparities and vulnerable groups such as minorities, nursing papers, infants, youth, and older adults. Health Systems and Outcomes Research Nursing research on health systems and outcomes seeks to identify ways that the organization and delivery of health care influence quality, cost, and the experience of patients and their families.
Nursing papers research on such topics is not exclusive to any single discipline, nursing has a particular focus that brings important balance to the health and biomedical research agenda for the nation. For example, nursing research is integrated with health services research regarding issues of organization, delivery, financing, quality, patient and provider behavior, informatics, effectiveness, cost, and outcomes.
It evaluates both clinical services and systematic structures in which those services are delivered; it explores appropriate balance of personnel to provide effective and efficient care while controlling costs of health care. As the health care environment changes rapidly, the consolidation of health plans and care settings continues. The containment of costs, continued problems with access to care, and efforts to develop quality care has increased the demand for nurse researchers to broaden their understanding of the research continuum to include the nursing papers of knowledge and skills in health services research.
Nursing Education Research Nursing education research centers on developing and testing more efficient educational processes, identifying new ways to incorporate technology in order to enhance learning, and discovering more effective approaches to promoting lifelong learning and commitment to leadership. To achieve these goals, the use of rigorous research strategies in the assessment of the teaching-learning process and outcomes at all levels of nursing education is essential from baccalaureate and graduate education through.
The continuous supply of well-educated nurses is critical to maintain and enhance our nation's health, especially in light of the changes in the demographics of the population. To this end, new strategies for recruiting and retaining bright young men and women from diverse educational and cultural backgrounds into nursing must be developed and tested. In addition, new models of nursing education are needed to prepare nurses for faculty and research positions earlier nursing papers their careers.
These efforts must assume top priority if nursing research is to continue to evolve. The lack of recognition and funding for this type of research has greatly impaired progress in this area. Scientific integrity and the ethics of investigation transcend and are part of all nursing research ventures. Nursing's commitment to an egalitarian application of professional standards and ethics has earned the trust of the public. Similarly, nursing research is guided by commitment to ethical standards in all phases of scientific discovery and use of knowledge.
As participants in the global interdisciplinary scientific community, nurse researchers examine and debate the ethical dimensions and dilemmas inherent in designing, conducting and reporting research. Nursing education provides grounding in major research ethical constructs from the Nuremberg Nursing papersDeclaration of Helsinki World Medical Association,National Research Act of Public Lawand Belmont Report NCPHS, ; all of which are reflected in the federal Common Rule regulating research in the United States DHHS 45CFR46, nursing papers, These ethical and legal precepts simultaneously guide investigators as well as nursing papers caring for patients nursing papers are also research subjects.
Nurse researchers, nursing papers, whether working alone or within interdisciplinary teams, consider appropriate boundaries between practice and research, address conflicts of interest, provide for protection of subjects, nursing papers, and maintain systems of checks and balances to ensure the integrity of the research enterprise. As part of the profession's responsibility for advocacy, nurses take appropriate action whenever scientific misconduct is identified.
Regardless of discipline, the research enterprise can thrive only when certain prerequisites are in place, including a culture supportive of research and scholarship; strong mentoring in the intellectual work of the discipline; educational programs to ensure an adequately sized and appropriately educated research workforce; and provision for necessary infrastructure and funding mechanisms to support coherent programs of research.
Cultures supportive of research and scholarship generally develop within academic institutions where knowledge development, discourse, and debate are expected and encouraged. Given the broad scope of nursing research, nursing papers, this also means that nursing papers researchers require environments that support integration of various approaches to inquiry.
Collaborative research among nurse scientists that brings together a range of perspectives on a particular question will result not only in a better understanding of and coherence in the entire discipline, but also in an understanding of how knowledge from one field complements and extends learning in another.
Further, contemporary nursing papers problems demand that nurse scientists move into more interprofessional collaboration, nursing papers, team-based work, and increase attention nursing papers the rapid progression to safe and appropriate practical application of findings NIH, Programs of nursing that offer baccalaureate and higher degrees lay the groundwork for nursing papers research enterprise by preparing professional nurses capable of using scientific knowledge in their practice and contributing to new knowledge, nursing papers.
Such programs are committed to teaching and integrating nursing research as well as other relevant research e. Teaching from such a base prepares graduates to evaluate and use evidence appropriately and, with advanced preparation, generate new knowledge for nursing practice.
The ultimate goal of research training in nursing at all levels is to strengthen the profession's contribution to enhancing the health and healthcare of individuals and populations. The expectations and competencies of graduates at each level of nursing education in regard to research are nursing papers below:.
Just as all collegiate schools of nursing nursing papers not offer the total range of degree programs, not all academic nursing environments can offer equal support to the research enterprise. While it is understandable that many nursing schools aspire to offer the research-focused doctorate, not all schools nursing papers well-suited to this activity.
In order to ensure that future nurse scientists successfully develop and sustain significant programs nursing papers research, serious attention must be paid to the research culture in which they will be trained. The major components required for the effective preparation of new scientists, nursing papers, as outlined in AACN's Indicators of Quality in Research-Focused Doctoral Programs in Nursing include:.
The next stage of development in nursing research encompasses the creation of highly dynamic research environments that enable a greater proportion of faculty to excel as scientists, in that the volume and quality of their work has a substantial influence on health care. The nursing research enterprise has made great strides over the last 30 years, and many nursing schools have well-established research environments. Nevertheless, nursing papers, future progress may be impeded by two worrisome trends: 1 most nursing doctorates are earned much later in nursing papers than is true in other disciplines, thus shortening the time available for an active research career, and 2 production of new nurse faculty and in particular, nursing papers, new nurse scientists is far behind what is needed now and in the future, nursing papers.
A significant challenge facing the nursing research community is that nurses tend to pursue doctoral study later in their careers than those in other research fields. Given that the median nursing papers of retirement for doctorally prepared nurse faculty is A major policy nursing papers cultural shift is needed in nursing doctoral education to achieve earlier entry into research careers National Research Council, The mean number of years from completion of a baccalaureate degree to graduation from a research-focused doctoral program is Likewise, the mean number of years registered in a doctoral program prior to graduation is 1.
Earlier matriculation into doctoral programs and full-time study will enable graduates to establish long-term careers in academic nursing and develop sustained programs of research and teaching, nursing papers. The shortage of doctorally prepared faculty will continue to exert a negative effect on nursing's research agenda well into the future by severely limiting the pool of available nurse scientists, straining the human and fiscal resources necessary for the conduct of research, and creating circumstances in which new investigators will have difficulty in establishing nursing papers maintaining nursing papers research programs.
Strategies have been identified to ensure the continued vitality of nursing research during this critical time AACN, nursing papers, Importance of a Research-Intensive Environment. A nursing papers environment is essential in order to generate the science base for nursing and interprofessional practice and to educate future generations of nurse scientists. Financial support and a strong value for generating as well as disseminating knowledge must be present within departments and schools, in the larger academic institution, and at the national level.
The importance placed on the research mission by the larger institution has a major impact on a school of nursing's research environment, nursing papers. In research-intensive environments, support is evident in the hiring and retention packages provided for investigators; peer and administrative review mechanisms used for appointments and promotions; availability of start-up research funds for faculty; and support for continuing faculty development in research, such as professional leaves and sabbaticals, career awards, and pilot funding.
Schools of nursing provide the research environment for faculty and the next generation of nurse scientists.
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Ethics is an important talking point in nursing. As such, ethical topics in nursing can form the basis of great papers and essays when researched properly. This category can also have some of the best controversial topics in nursing because people have varying opinions about ethical issues. Here are some of the best topics in this category Welcome to Online Nursing Papers. Pursuing a degree in nursing or any medical field is an uphill task, even to those practicing in the field. Due to complexity of the discipline and limited time to write the many nursing assignments, students often seek online nursing writing services from expert nursing paper writers to complete nursing essays, nursing research papers, nursing term papers Oct 26, · Nursing research provides the scientific basis for the practice of the profession. Using multiple philosophical and theory-based approaches as well as diverse methodologies, nursing research focuses on the understanding and easement of the symptoms of acute and chronic illness; prevention or delayed onset of disease or disability, or slowing the progression thereof; finding effective
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