Term paper on autism

Term paper on autism

In , Andrew Wakefield and 12 of his colleagues[] published a case series in the Lancet, which suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine may predispose to behavioral regression and pervasive developmental disorder in blogger.come the small sample size (n=12), the uncontrolled design, and the speculative nature of the conclusions, the paper received wide publicity, Dec 07,  · The spectrum of clinical conditions labeled autism soon expanded beyond Kannerʼs first description. In , one year after Kannerʼs paper, Hans Asperger described children that he also called ‘autistic’, but who seemed to have high non-verbal intelligence quotients and Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. According to the Centers for Disease Control, autism affects an estimated 1 in 54 children in the United States today

Early Intervention; Evidence-based Treatment - Autism Research Institute

Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. InAndrew Wakefield and 12 of his colleagues[ 1 ] published a case series in the Lancetwhich suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella MMR vaccine may predispose to behavioral regression and pervasive developmental disorder in children.

Almost immediately afterward, epidemiological studies were conducted and published, refuting the posited link between MMR vaccination and autism. The next episode in the saga was a short retraction term paper on autism the interpretation of the original data by 10 of the 12 co-authors of the paper.

However, the Lancet exonerated Wakefield and his colleagues from charges of ethical violations and scientific misconduct, term paper on autism. The Lancet completely retracted the Wakefield et al. This retraction was published as a small, anonymous paragraph in the journal, on behalf of the editors. The final episode in the saga is the revelation that Wakefield et al. Readers may be interested to learn that the journalist on the Wakefield case, Brian Deer, had earlier reported on the false implication of thiomersal in vaccines in the etiology of autism.

The systematic failures which permitted the Wakefield fraud were discussed by Opel et al. Scientists and organizations across the world spent a great deal of time and money refuting the results of a minor paper in the Lancet and exposing the scientific fraud that formed the basis of the paper.

Appallingly, parents across the world did not vaccinate their children out of fear of the risk of autism, thereby exposing their children to the risks of disease and the well-documented complications related thereto. Measles outbreaks in the UK in and as well as pockets of measles in the USA and Canada were attributed to the nonvaccination of children.

Scientists who publish their research have an ethical responsibility to ensure the highest standards of research design, data collection, data analysis, data reporting, and term paper on autism of findings; there can be no compromises because any error, any deceit, can result in harm to patients as well harm to the cause of science, as the Wakefield saga so aptly reveals.

We sincerely hope that researchers will keep this ethical responsibility in mind when they submit their manuscripts to the Indian Journal of Psychiatry. National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. National Library of Medicine Rockville PikeBethesda MDUSA. NCBI Term paper on autism to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys My NCBI Sign in to NCBI Sign Out.

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Journal List Indian J Psychiatry v. Indian J Psychiatry. doi: PMCID: PMC Sathyanarayana Rao and Chittaranjan Andrade 1, term paper on autism. Sathyanarayana Rao Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College Hospital, Mysore, India Find articles by T.

Sathyanarayana Rao. Chittaranjan Andrade 1 Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, term paper on autism, Karnataka, India Find articles by Chittaranjan Andrade. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College Hospital, Mysore, India. Address for correspondence: Dr. Sathyanarayana Rao, Department of Psychiatry, JSS University, JSS Medical Term paper on autism Hospital, M.

Road, Mysore -term paper on autism, Karnataka, India. E-mail: moc. oohay 91oarsst. Copyright © Indian Journal of Psychiatry. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell Term paper on autism, Casson DM, Malik M, et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular term paper on autism, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. DeStefano F, Chen RT.

Negative association between MMR and autism. Taylor B, term paper on autism, Miller E, Farrington CP, Petropoulos MC, Favot-Mayaud I, Li J, et al. Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: No epidemiologic evidence for a causal association. Dales L, Hammer SJ, Smith NJ. Time trends in autism and in MMR immunization coverage in California. Murch SH, Anthony A, Casson DH, Malik M, Berelowitz M, Dhillon AP, et al. Retraction of an interpretation. Horton R. A statement by the editors of The Lancet.

Eggertson L. Lancet retracts year-old article linking autism to MMR vaccines. Retraction-Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, nonspecific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Godlee F. The fraud behind the MMR scare. Deer B. How the case against the MMR vaccine was fixed. Secrets of the MMR scare. How the vaccine crisis was meant to make money. The Lancet's two days to bury bad news.

Autism research: What makes an expert? Opel DJ, Diekema DS, Marcuse EK. Assuring research integrity in the wake of Wakefield. Articles from Indian Journal of Psychiatry are provided here courtesy of Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications. Formats: Article PubReader Printer Friendly Cite. Support Center Support Center. External link. Please review our privacy policy. National Library of Medicine Rockville PikeBethesda MDUSA Policies and Guidelines Contact, term paper on autism.

ND Summit: The Value of Participatory Autism Research: AASPIRE’s Autistic Burnout Study

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How autism became autism

The Nevada Commission on Autism Spectrum Disorders was created through Executive Order by Governor Jim Gibbons on November 19, , to continue the work of the Nevada Autism Task Force. The Commission is comprised of five members appointed by the Governor and makes biannual reports to the Governor by June 30 and December 31 of each year Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. According to the Centers for Disease Control, autism affects an estimated 1 in 54 children in the United States today May 06,  · Possible symptoms of autism may be observed by a parent, pediatrician, or teacher, and screening tests such as the M-CHAT can help determine if a child is at risk of having autism. However, a formal diagnosis of autism requires an evaluation by an experienced psychiatrist, psychologist, neurologist, or developmental pediatrician (a pediatrician who specializes in developmental disorders)